Emile Vandervelde (1866 in Ixelles – 1938) was a Belgian statesman, born at Ixelles. He studied law at the Free University of Brussels (now split into the Université Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and became doctor of laws in 1885 and doctor of social science in 1888.
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Vandervelde became a member of the Parti Ouvrier Belge in 1886. He was president of the party from 1928 to 1938. Vandervelde was initiator of the Charter of Quaregnon, the party's "constitution." This constitution is strongly influenced by ideas of the French socialist Jules Guesde. He was a freemason, and a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels.
When the European War erupted in 1914, Vandervelde became the first member of the Belgian Labour Party to hold a position as a Minister. He was a member of the Belgian Commission that protested to US President Woodrow Wilson against German treatment. Vandervelde's wife visited the United States, where she raised $300,000 for Belgian relief.